As proposed by Saka (2019). plasma injections arising out of the auroral ionosphere (ionospheric injection) are a characteristic process of the polar ionosphere at substorm onset. The ionospheric injection is triggered by westward electric fields transmitted from the convection surge in the magnetosphere at field line dipolarization. Localized westward electric fields result in local ... https://www.spidertattooz.com/Nyrkki-terassormus-Teras-316L/