Exchange-traded funds (ETFs) began in 1993 with SPDR S&P 500, offering low-cost, index-based exposure. Through the 2000s, ETFs expanded beyond equities into bonds, commodities, and international markets. Innovation introduced leveraged, inverse, smart beta, and actively managed ETFs. Today, ETFs dominate as flexible, transparent, and tax-efficient investment tools, reshaping global as... https://businesssuccesselites.com/finance/evolution-of-exchange-traded-funds-etf/