These controversies regarding the relationships among the citizenship pressure, OCBs and CCBs may be due to ways that OCBs are calculated. Within the literature, OCBs have often been described as spontaneous behaviours and rated by colleagues or leaders (e.g.2). Other-rated measurements are unable to detect the behavioural motivations underlying OCBs1,eleven. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/ZsO9iQ1SGS4